Football that’s out of this world

• The Institution of Engineering and Technology’s (IET) panel of engineers, technologists, and science professionals have created the first Lunar Football Rule Book – to adapt the game to the conditions on the Moon
• The panel reveal the science and tech we will require to play football on the Moon - how it would feasibly work and what it would look like
• Changes to the game include a 1.5x bigger football, four quarters of play, a netted ground, with no offside rule and the game becoming a no-contact sport
• To celebrate the findings, the IET has launched a competition asking children to design a football kit for the first Lunar Football team Moon Utd

Football may be the most popular game on the planet, but as the world's biggest international football tournament kicks off for 2023, engineering and technology experts predict the first match on the Moon could take place there as early as 2035, based on developments from the ‘big three’ space-faring nations*.

That’s according to a panel of scientists and engineers brought together by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), who have outlined the innovations required for humans to have a competitive kickabout on the Moon’s surface once a lunar base has been established.

The panel of STEM experts has also created the first-ever Lunar Football Rule Book, to adapt the beautiful game to the vastly different conditions players can expect, including harsh, dusty terrain, zero oxygen and potentially fatal risks of collision - making lunar football a strictly non-contact sport.

The IET’s predictions and rule development of Lunar Football aim to excite and educate children on what careers in science, technology, engineering, and maths can look like and inspire a generation of budding engineers and technologists.   

With just one-sixth of the gravity of Earth and no wind or air resistance, the ball will behave completely differently. A kicked ball travels at the same speed as on Earth - at approximately 70mph - but will travel roughly SIX TIMES further - meaning a return to the long-ball game of the 1980s rather than Pep Guardiola’s tiki-taka.

Instead of a standard kit, players will require a flexible airtight suit which is slightly slimmed down, with in-built padding for knees and elbows. Each suit will require a cooling and heating system adjustable to the temperature of the lunar climate, with flannel in the seat to absorb sweat.

Helmets must be designed to enable communication between players and coaches, with a 180 to 270-degree view, as well as a Heads-Up Display in the visor to deliver referee decisions, player suit status and their positions and red and yellow cards.

To ensure safety and avoid collisions, Lunar Football will be a five-a-side, strictly no-contact sport, with possession of the ball gained solely through interceptions. Slide tackles or headers are not permitted to avoid damage to players’ suits and helmets.

The ball will be 1.5x the size of a terrestrial football marked in black and white for visibility of the ball, given it will be extremely bright on the Moon. Critically, the ball must have a core of Next-Gen Aerogel which is a spongy structure to give the ball compressibility to allow bouncing while not containing any air.

The field of play must be prepared using laser sintering – where a laser is fired at the surface to melt particles, so they stick together in a single solid layer – to achieve an even and consistent pitch. 

This will ensure that the field of play is durable, as failing to do so would cause the pitch to erode during the match, endangering players as a result. With space at a premium, the referee will be stationed at basecamp, but will still have a visible presence on the pitch as a hologram.

To ensure players avoid over-exhaustion on the Moon, the pitch will be 32 metres long and 25 metres wide - an area eight times smaller than that of a terrestrial football pitch. The match itself will be played in four 10-minute quarters with 20-minute breaks between each quarter for refuelling and equipment repair.

The goals will expand to be 1.5 x wider (36ft) and 1.2 x higher (9.6ft) to account for the larger, size eight ball, and the fact that jumping is easier on the Moon.

With the first football match predicted to be just a generation away in 2035 and building on an exciting summer of international football, the IET is calling on children across the UK aged 4-13 to design the first official Moon Utd football kit in time for the kick-off for its Engineer a Better World initiative.

Engineer a Better World’s main goal is to challenge outgrown perceptions of the engineering industry and encourage more children to be excited and inspired by a potential future in STEM studies and engineering careers. The competition entries will be judged by experts from the Lunar Football Panel, with two winners announced – each receiving their Moon Utd kit design.

Ama Frimpong, IET Young Woman Engineer of the Year and one of the competition judges, said:

“Getting young people to think about how engineering and technology can be part of the things that they love is really important, and doing this from an early age is essential in showcasing the opportunities available and raising aspirations for careers in these sectors. We hope our competition really allows children to show off their creativity and have fun designing a futuristic new kit fit for Moon United, demonstrating that engineering and tech-related careers really are out of this world.”

Futurist and competition judge, Brian David Johnson, added:

“Scientists and Engineers play vital roles in progressing the world around us and shaping the future, and this extends to advancing space exploration, which will require the ingenuity of as many young people as possible with the right skills in the future. With the upcoming 2025 Lunar mission set to make Moon colonisation one step closer, it’s only a matter of time until we start to think about how we engineer aspects of our lives nowadays, such as hobbies and sports, for the Moon in the future.

Ends

Notes to Editors

*The estimation of football being played on the Moon by 2035 has been determined by the Institution of Engineering and Technology’s panel of engineers, technology, and science professionals and has been based on several factors outlined below.

• The Lunar Gateway which will orbit the Moon, is a vital component of NASA's Artemis program and is due to be launched in November 2024 and completed by September 2031. The Lunar Gateway will enable humanity to send more people and suppliers to the Moon. The Artemis programme also aims to have a lunar base established on the Moon by the late 2020s, with a launch date for the Surface Habitat module currently scheduled for 2028.
• Further to the above, the Chinese and Russian Space Agencies also plan to have a joint, permanent Moon base built and inhabited by the mid 2030s, with some reports saying this aims to be as early as 2028 or 2030. Their first structures are likely to focus on mining.
• The three biggest space faring nations all aim to have inhabited modules by around 2030. The Institution of Engineering and Technology’s panel of have accounted for possible delays in the above launches and have also factored in time to establish the infrastructure needed for football, as this would be developed after the essential habitation modules are completed.

About the IET

• We inspire, inform and influence the global engineering community to engineer a better world.
• We are a diverse home for engineering and technology intelligence throughout the world. This breadth and depth means we are uniquely placed to help the sector progress society.
• We want to build the profile of engineering and technology to change outdated perceptions and tackle the skills gap. This includes encouraging more women to become engineers and growing the number of engineering apprentices.
• Interview opportunities are available with our spokespeople from a range of engineering and technology disciplines including cyber-security, energy, engineering skills, innovation, manufacturing, technology, transport and diversity in engineering.
• For more information, visit theiet.org
• Follow the IET on Twitter.

IET media enquiries

Rebecca Gillick
External Communications Manager
rgillick@theiet.org

Sophie Lockyer
Senior Communications Executive
slockyer@theiet.org